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Write post here今天偶说的东西感觉没表达清楚,而且内容也有点错误…
论证如下:
1.自由就是不被之前必然决定的行动。

1.a我的状态A是有自由的,即不被之前任何状态必然决定。

1.b所以,我的状态A不被任何我的之前的状态必然决定。

1.c所以,我的状态A不被事前我对A的任何考虑的状态B必然决定。

2.在Frankfurt的二阶欲望里面,有吸烟的欲望K,和希望不拥有K的二阶欲望 N(K)。
而N(K)是一个人是否对K或非K拥有意愿自由的判定标准。

2.a拥有某种欲望是一种状态。

2.b拥有二阶欲望是拥有某种欲望之前的状态。

2.c我是否拥有某种欲望,会被我的二阶欲望所决定。

3.如果我们同时接受1.a和2,那么得到:假如N(K)必然决定了非K,也就是说N(K)让我不再想抽烟了那么非K是不自由的。
假如N(K)必然决定了非K,也就是说N(K)让我不再想抽烟了,那么非K是自由的。得出矛盾。

因此,Frankfurt不仅仅是一个兼容论者,并且还必须否认前提1.a。
容易证明,Frankfurt只能是一个自由上的决定论者。(这个结论是后来加上的)。Frankfurt还应该认为自由有“传递性”:就算一个自由的状态决定了另外一个自由的状态,这两个也可以都是自由的。
论证完毕。

C老师的回应:
一:自由一般是对行为而言的,不是对状态而言的。因此从前提1到前提1.a不大对。
二:自由不是对欲望而言的,没有什么自由拥有抽烟的欲望之类的东西。也就是说非K(不拥有吸烟的欲望)无所谓自由不自由,吸烟才有所谓自由不自由。

我的反思:其实2对Frankfurt的表述也不准确,在Frankfurt的观点里面,意愿自由并不一定就是二阶“决定”了一阶,也不必在一阶之前。只需要二阶“表征”,或者说“谓述”了一阶,就可以作为自由的表现了。并且这种自由不是对于K的自由,而是对于吸烟的自由。
于是,在Frankfurt的观点里面,到底二阶的是否“决定”了一阶的?
Frankfurt举了一个例子:一个医生可以想成烟瘾来理解患者但是不是真的想抽烟,那么其实这个医生同时拥有A(K)和...

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如何写blog

积攒了一些草稿,但是没有发出。其中一个原因就是我在思考什么才是展现blog的更好形式。

这两天看到http://www.theotodman.com/,以读书笔记为主,有着非常有趣的超链接构造方式(网站主任写到这是他的个人专利——谁知道呢)。

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生命之线

这篇文章将会从Richard Wollheim(二十世纪最重要的艺术反思者之一)的The thread of life一书译文延伸,探索。

让我先用格罗滕迪克(二十世纪最传奇的代数几何学家)的自传:播种与收获的节选来开头:
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当我回忆时,我无数次想起这个梦

我所指的梦,没有场景,没有行动,只有一个不动的画面,一个生动的画面。

是一个人类的头的侧面像,从左到右。这个头属于一个成年男性,没有胡须,野性的头(光头?)绕着前额,像一个明亮的强力的光晕。给人的最强的印象是:这个头有一种欢乐,年轻的活力,感觉(更过于看起来)是从柔软和严肃的脖子的弧度涌出。

表情更接近于一个调皮的不服从者,而不是一个有责任心或者安定下来的成年人,这颗脑袋因他所发现的或者逃脱的某种把戏的记忆而兴奋。

它有着对生命强烈的爱,玩耍地自足。

没有别人在场,没有人担任观察者的角色,当我看或者沉思这个存在时,我只看见这个脑袋,但是这个脑袋给人的印象,或者说唤醒的气氛,却极其激烈。

当我醒来,回忆那千帆过的梦,这个梦的画面并不像有什么格外的重要性,没有任何人在喊叫:你该看我,在床上,我静静地舒适地回想,我有种冲动为这取个名。我没有去追寻很远,一旦这个问题被提出,答案就无比明显:这颗头颅正属于我自己。

这不是一件坏事,我告诉我自己,在梦里像是看到别人的头一样来看到自己的头,这可得花费点功夫!这想一个四叶草,一个短暂的幸运,在当时看起来是一个微不足道的事迹。
......

格罗滕迪克本人
grothendieck.jpg
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可是,最吞噬人的雄心,却没有任何能力去发现最微小的数学奥秘,最像最吞噬人的雄心也没法让人“Score/性唤起”(从一种粗俗的角度讲),不管男人还是女人,让人“score”的不是雄心,不是展示自己的(性)强力,恰恰相反。

让人成功“score/唤起”的是它:对于某种非常强壮,非常真实,非常微妙的东西的敏锐的感觉。

或许,在它的一千种面貌之间,我们应该...

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新陈代谢乌托邦

东京是无可救药了,我不再去考虑高度低于30米的建筑……我把所有低于30米的建筑留给别人去管。如果有人认为它们可以解决这个城市的所有混乱,让他们去尝试吧。我只考虑超过30米的建筑和城市,因此我仅仅需要这片陆地上一块10平方米的空地,我会立一颗巨柱在那里,那个柱子将既是结构柱,也是一个垂直交通的渠道
——————Arata Isozaki

th.jpg

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真心与真诚(继续)

在之前 我聊过“真心”需要一点自信的了解。

Richard Wollheim在The Thread of Life的最后几面则做出了Love和like的区分:
“Love. as we have seen, does not presuppose an attitude……It is a response……“
"Friendship must require an attitude……Being a response to the singularity of others, it is possible only with those whose singularity we are able to resond to appropriately. There are various ways in which this might be impossible for us. In some cases we cannot see what the person is really like. In some cases we can, but we are not able to respect what we see. And in some cases the effort that understanding the person would ask of us is too much……”

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Logicomix and others

非常出彩(pun intended!)的英雄主义的罗素中心的逻辑故事。
关于其中的历史事实和数学/哲学表述,参见:http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=jhm

在读Monk时,我一直把维特根斯坦想象成一个仿佛挥舞着沉重的武器,激动起来手脚就不知往哪儿放的人,这本书可以说给出了一个更有趣,或许也是更准确的描绘(毕竟是在严格的家训下成长的):极度专注下,不自觉,滑稽又坚定的手势和pose。仿佛手势就是他的语言他的思想的表达。

哥德尔,罗素,怀特海,希尔伯特的描绘和想象中没有太大的区别。

Football Manager is the computer game that thousands of hours are wasted(or, to put in a more precise term, witnessed). It is a football simulation game that has done a remarkable job in collection of data of real athletes/clubs, working them into statistics that predict player’s performance on the field.

  1. No micro-level physics is required. Just some stats such as “agility”“determination”“flair” predicting a player’s performance 2.Season-Karma. The simulated world is in karma, marked by the start and end of each season.No real improvement of change is made is the world 3.We still take...

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摇晃

摇晃,悠长的漩涡我在船中
摇晃,每一个周期的短暂抛起我在火车中
背上柔软的触感我在摇篮中
我看见无物我在梦中
我醒来,废墟在我身上,我在余震中

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tOkYfObA3w

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Rethinking \a short history of ethics\

Rethinking, the short history of ethics.

Rethinking could be a exciting adventure. By rethinking I refer to a specific prcess:I read several chapters or several pages, close the book(or the pdf),begin to reconstruct the argument,look for a rebuttal, check. More than often I not only fail the last task, but also find myself losing the subtvlety of the original texts,or losing the argument entirely. Yet, it is then that I can find how much the text challenges me and how much the outlook of myself could be reshaped, how much the argumentative skill could be improved. It could be really a adventure,through a jungle of the memory,with a crutch of intellect, towards a destination with a feeling of de juva but nonetheless enlightening. Sometimes rethinking could be demoralizing, for it could show how little one has understood in reading the book, though spending so much time. What it takes, is...

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*The Art of Procrastination*

The most boring way to read this book is to read it as a self-help guide; the better way to procrastinate, to put off something more important at hand; the still better way, is to read it as an interesting account, of the academia, into the bigger picture of working-writing life.

What John Perry did, with the analytic skill of a modern philosopher, the insight of Francis Bacon or Jane Austin, was in fact quite simple: to take an over-generalization of human-kind, dismantle it, counter it with smaller pieces of generalization, offer concrete examples, shed new light to our understanding of the subject-matter.

Below are some examples:
See the difference between “Procrastination is THE reason why any work is left undone”, and “Procrastination is relational so that a structured procrastinator could actually procrastinate over a bigger task to get many things else done.”
Compare also the...

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Metaphysics: presentations

Below are a few of the handouts written by individual students for presentations in an undergraduate-level metaphysics class. In each presentation a particular philosophy paper related to class was introduced; a reconstruction of its argument was analysed; some questions and comments were raised by the peers and the professor. I did not take notes to cover all the discussion, so this could serve only a partial role in reflecting the class or the presentation.

Presentation on personal identity

  1. Biological view of personal identity 14 HQY Eric Olsen, Was I ever a fetus.

Fetus case;embryologists tell us that a human fetus that is less than six months old cannot remember or experience anything, and thus has no mental capacities worthy of the name.

2.The only sound solutions: biological view
A
We persist, as other animals do, just in case our biological lives continue.
B
At any point...

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