Bernard Williams Ethics and limits of philosphy
Ethics and limits of philosophy Bernard willams
The book is delicately written to discuss role of philosophy, a abstract reflectional way of thinking, in ethics and moral life.
Socrate’s Question: How one should live?
not how one should live morally,but what is the best way to live.
since virtue does not require first-people deliberation,maybe neither does ethical consideration.
There are considerations bear on action but not moral consideration: egoism.
a advanced? type:ethics egoism?
counter ethical motivations:
a simple answer to not doing a thing one should: the desire to do sth else. But what about failing to do what one thinks is the most important? That is what Aristotal called Akrasia, the weakness of will.
After Chapter one:
I began to rethink how the book would be written by me, and how I am going to reconstruct the arguments by Williams. Then I found that William’s insight and style wa'ss indeed worth admiring and studying.
怎么开头?in discussing a big issue such as ethics/morality.
Etymological interpretation/ Idioms beginnings/Refuting other philosophers. However, most beginnings could be pompous and boring, while Bernard Williams started by discussing styles/ admitting the limits of philosophy—- we have seldom reached conclusion in a such subject. But philosophy also serves as an alternative to other various ways of discussing ethics and big issues, and those ways cannot deprive its own legality?
对于苏格拉底的问题的答案,有什么想法?第一个,在未来,有一个理想的未来,在这个理想的未来里面,有一个理想的状态,所以人应该生活的,就是那样的状态简单的说就是乌托邦乌托邦的理想我的处境,
第二种情况是反乌托邦,或者说是一个黑暗未来的世界,在那里现在的价值和意义,
那么在这里实施还有一个冲力,有一个没有被嘲讽的矛盾,就是世界应当如何,和一个人应当如何生活,显然,两者是不一样。一个人的生活也不一定哟,要是对未来的承诺除非我们接受一种莱布尼兹在单词里面单子论的观点,这是每一个,都是,的一个延展,而每一个单子都是,可能走,玩,世界中的完美世界的极限
。
世界如何只是一个trivial的事实,实然与应然不能帮助我们了解行动,这样才能开始一种有关的讨论。假如这种世界存在,那么这种世界为何和现实世界不同?仍然需要解释。
苏格拉底的问有没有答案?很难看出来的哲学能不能回答10万无非,苏格拉底认为,每一个人,都能巩固住,有标准答案,就算知道了也无法真心无法通过例如费马大猜想,费马大定理,如果装好没有他们工作不稳定不知道,这猜想是否准,如果我们一定要借助某种形式的专业训练,才能获得,对于一个私人问题答案的话,或许我们对,答案也需要准备训,而且并不是每个人都能,知道。
柏拉图即是这种道德与数学的混合。
还有一种,就是认为这个问题,是我们的行动,这项应该如何走?人应该如何吃饭?是每一个心智正常身体健全的人,都知道的,那么应该如何生活,也是人所知道的。
威廉姆斯继承苏格拉底,但仍要我们注意时代的积累与差异:反思已经不再哲学的专利。
再拒绝考虑同学最终要决定自己这并不是一个循环是一个进步。